Kashmiri Cuisine
The cuisine of the state is characterised by three different styles of cooking - the Kashmiri Pandit, the Muslim and the Rajput styles. Though they eat meat, many traditional Kashmiri Pandits don't include garlic, shallots and onion to their cooking. Pandits use Asafoetida (Hing), ginger powder and powdered aniseed or 'saunt' instead. Here is a link to some authentic Kashmiri Pandit recipes.
Kashmir has developed its own specialties in cooking - its cuisine is unique. Some of the better known dishes are yakhni, tabaq naat, which is an exotic dish made of fried ribs and decorated with silver varq, dum aloo, rogan josh, gaustaba which is a light meatball, haleem which is meat pounded with wheat, etc. Streams and lakes have influenced the Kashmiri cuisine. Fresh fish is a favorite. Myriad meat dishes are served during the traditional feasts. Lamb and poultry are served as accompaniments. Smoked meat, dried fish and vegetables are stored for use in winter.
Locally grown varieties of rice are sweetly fragrant and very light. All the dishes are built around the main course of rice. The delicious saag, is made from thick-leafed green leafy vegetable called 'hak' that grows throughout the year. Lotus root is also an important produce for boat dwelling people and makes a very good substitute for meat.
Fresh vegetables are used in season. Morel mushrooms called as 'guhchi' are harvested and consumed fresh in summer. They are expensive, therefore used only for specific occasions such as religious and wedding feasts. Their hearty flavor enlivens pilafs and other meatless dishes. Corn bread is an alternative for rice.
One of the distinct features of Kashmiri cuisine is the generous use of yogurt/curds in the gravies, giving the dishes a creamy consistency. Walnuts, almonds and raisins are also added to the curries. Ghee, clarified butter oil, is the medium of cooking, the fat is believed to impart heat to the body, and mustard oil is also used.
The Kashmiris also use asafoetida to flavor their meat dishes. Saunf (fennel seed, in the USA they sometimes substitute aniseed) and dry ginger are other spices used imaginatively to enhance the taste. For instance some dishes get their pungency not from chilis, but from dry ginger. Other dishes have no spice except may be a little saunf added to them for flavor. Being the home of saffron, the colorful flavoring agent is used in the pulaos and sweets. A special masala 'cake' is made from spice-blends, onions and locally grown chilis that can be stored for longer period of time and used in flavoring curries. Sauces are made from dairy rich products. Kashmiri fare is also influenced by the mughal cooking. The fruits and nuts grown from the valley are used lavishly in daily menus.
As you see from the recipes above, the tea in Kashmir is usually not Lipton or Orange pekoe. Rather it is spice-scented green tea called "kahava" poured from a samovar.